{"id":456,"date":"2025-08-25T09:50:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T01:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/?page_id=456"},"modified":"2025-08-31T23:09:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T15:09:20","slug":"equipment-c","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/pcb-equipment\/equipment-c\/","title":{"rendered":"Equipment C"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"456\" class=\"elementor elementor-456\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-9d41bb4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9d41bb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ec191d wd-el-breadcrumbs text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_element_breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"8ec191d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_element_breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"wd-breadcrumbs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/\">Home<\/a><span class=\"wd-delimiter\"><\/span><span class=\"wd-last\">\ud398\uc774\uc9c0<\/span><\/nav>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-a41aa7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a41aa7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058df4d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"058df4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3c83a2 wd-width-100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_images_gallery\" data-id=\"b3c83a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_images_gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-images-gallery photoswipe-images wd-carousel-container\" style=\"--wd-align-items:center; --wd-justify-content:center;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-carousel-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-carousel wd-grid\" data-wrap=\"yes\" style=\"--wd-col-lg:1;--wd-col-md:1;--wd-col-sm:1;--wd-gap-lg:0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-carousel-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-gallery-item wd-carousel-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line.jpg\" data-width=\"1268\" data-height=\"715\" data-index=\"1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line-600x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-600x400 size-600x400\" alt=\"Equipment for PCB electroless copper plating\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-nav-arrows wd-pos-sep wd-hover-1 wd-icon-1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-btn-arrow wd-prev wd-disabled\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-arrow-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-btn-arrow wd-next\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-arrow-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-nav-pagin-wrap text-center wd-style-shape wd-hide-md-sm wd-hide-sm\">\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"wd-nav-pagin\"><\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-635a27a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"635a27a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7faf4d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7faf4d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PCB electroplating line<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c962a3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"c962a3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p>The PCB electroplating line (taking the core - applied copper electroplating line as an example) is a crucial device for achieving inter - layer conductivity in PCBs and thickening the surface conductive layer. Its core principle is based on the electrochemical electrolytic deposition reaction. Driven by an external DC electric field, metal ions (such as copper ions) in the electrolyte are directionally reduced and deposited on the conductive surface (including the hole walls) of the PCB, forming a uniform, dense metal coating that meets the thickness requirements.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf6761 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbf6761\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-836c13e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_popup\" data-id=\"836c13e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_popup.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-button-wrapper text-left\" >\n\t\t\t<a class=\"btn btn-style-default btn-shape-rectangle btn-size-default wd-open-popup btn-color-primary btn-icon-pos-right\"  href=\"#quote\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-btn-text\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGet a Quote\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-btn-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"wd-icon e-font-icon-svg e-far-comment-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M448 0H64C28.7 0 0 28.7 0 64v288c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64h96v84c0 7.1 5.8 12 12 12 2.4 0 4.9-.7 7.1-2.4L304 416h144c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V64c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64zm16 352c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16H288l-12.8 9.6L208 428v-60H64c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16V64c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16h384c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16v288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"quote\" class=\"wd-popup wd-popup-element wd-entry-content mfp-hide\" style=\"--wd-popup-width:600px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" id=\"elementor-post-402-css\" href=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/css\/post-402.css?ver=1776455852\" type=\"text\/css\" media=\"all\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"402\" class=\"elementor elementor-402\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-6a56237 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a56237\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae61a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c1ae61a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get a Quote<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-920b755 fluentform-widget-submit-button-full-width elementor-widget elementor-widget-fluent-form-widget\" data-id=\"920b755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"fluent-form-widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n            <div class=\"fluentform-widget-wrapper hide-fluent-form-labels fluentform-widget-align-default\">\n\n            \n            <div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_4 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"4\" id=\"fluentform_4\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_4 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_4_1 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_4_1\" method=\"POST\" action=\"\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">Get A quote<\/legend><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='456' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_4_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_4_fluentformnonce\" value=\"d8f68d7c97\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/456\" \/><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_4_name' id='label_ff_4_name' >Name<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Your Name *\" data-name=\"name\" id=\"ff_4_name\"  aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=\"true\"><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_4_email' id='label_ff_4_email' aria-label=\"Email\">Email<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" id=\"ff_4_email\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Email Address *\" data-name=\"email\"  aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=\"true\"><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_4_subject' id='label_ff_4_subject' aria-label=\"Enter enquiry subject\">Enter enquiry subject<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"text\" name=\"subject\" value=\"Equipment C\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Subject\" data-name=\"subject\" id=\"ff_4_subject\"  aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=\"true\"><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group'><div class=\"ff-el-input--label ff-el-is-required asterisk-right\"><label for='ff_4_message' id='label_ff_4_message' aria-label=\"Your Message\">Your Message<\/label><\/div><div class='ff-el-input--content'><textarea aria-required=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"label_ff_4_message\" name=\"message\" id=\"ff_4_message\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Your Message *\" rows=\"4\" cols=\"2\" data-name=\"message\" ><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-el-group ff-text-left ff_submit_btn_wrapper'><button type=\"submit\" class=\"ff-btn ff-btn-submit ff-btn-md ff_btn_style\"  aria-label=\"Submit\">Submit <\/button><\/div><\/fieldset><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"ko\"\/><\/form><div id='fluentform_4_errors' class='ff-errors-in-stack ff_form_instance_4_1 ff-form-loading_errors ff_form_instance_4_1_errors'><\/div><\/div>            <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n                window.fluent_form_ff_form_instance_4_1 = {\"id\":\"4\",\"ajaxUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ulpcb.com\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php\",\"settings\":{\"layout\":{\"labelPlacement\":\"top\",\"helpMessagePlacement\":\"with_label\",\"errorMessagePlacement\":\"inline\",\"cssClassName\":\"\",\"asteriskPlacement\":\"asterisk-right\"},\"restrictions\":{\"denyEmptySubmission\":{\"enabled\":false}}},\"form_instance\":\"ff_form_instance_4_1\",\"form_id_selector\":\"fluentform_4\",\"rules\":{\"name\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"\\uc774 \\ud544\\ub4dc\\ub294 \\ud544\\uc218\\uc785\\ub2c8\\ub2e4  \",\"global_message\":\"This field is required\",\"global\":true}},\"email\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\",\"global\":false,\"global_message\":\"This field is required\"},\"email\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field must contain a valid email\",\"global\":false,\"global_message\":\"This field must contain a valid email\"}},\"subject\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\",\"global\":false,\"global_message\":\"This field is required\"}},\"message\":{\"required\":{\"value\":true,\"message\":\"This field is required\",\"global\":false,\"global_message\":\"This field is required\"}}},\"debounce_time\":300};\n                            <\/script>\n                        <\/div>\n\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0662627 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_button\" data-id=\"0662627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-button-wrapper text-left\" >\n\t\t\t<a class=\"btn btn-style-default btn-shape-rectangle btn-size-default btn-color-alt btn-icon-pos-right\"  href=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/contact-us\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-btn-text\" data-elementor-setting-key=\"text\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMail us\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-btn-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"wd-icon e-font-icon-svg e-far-envelope\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51531da elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"51531da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-b53261b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b53261b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-065db31 e-n-tabs-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"065db31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll_mobile&quot;:&quot;enable&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"6675249\" aria-label=\"Karty. Otwieraj elementy za pomoc\u0105 Enter lub Spacji, zamykaj za pomoc\u0105 Escape i nawiguj za pomoc\u0105 klawiszy strza\u0142ek.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-66752491\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-66752491\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-66752491\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tDescription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-66752491\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-66752491\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-523ca7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"523ca7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-523f3a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"523f3a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3630a46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"3630a46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">I. Core Principle: Electrolytic Deposition<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">The electroplating line is essentially an electrolytic cell system. It uses electrical energy provided by an external power source to drive the directional migration and electron transfer of metal ions in the electrolyte, eventually \"growing\" a metal coating on the surface of the workpiece. The entire process must meet the energy conversion logic of \"electrical energy \u2192 chemical energy \u2192 metal coating\", which can be broken down into 3 key steps:<\/div><h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">1. Electrode Reactions (Anodic Oxidation + Cathodic Reduction)<\/h4><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">There are two core electrodes in the electroplating line, each undergoing different electrochemical reactions:<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/><strong>Anode (Anode Material)<\/strong>: Usually a soluble metal anode (such as the \"phosphorus - copper ball\" used for PCB copper electroplating), or an insoluble anode (such as titanium mesh + coating) can also be used. When an electric current is applied, the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction: metal atoms lose electrons and turn into metal ions, entering the electrolyte. Taking copper electroplating as an example, the anode (phosphorus - copper) reaction is: Cu - 2e\u207b \u2192 Cu\u00b2\u207a (Copper atoms in the phosphorus - copper lose electrons and dissolve into the plating solution in the form of copper ions).<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/><strong>Cathode (Workpiece to be Plated, e.g., PCB board)<\/strong>: The workpiece is connected to the negative pole of the external power source, which is the electron - inflow end. Metal ions in the electrolyte (such as Cu\u00b2\u207a) are \"captured\" by the electrons at the cathode and undergo a reduction reaction: metal ions gain electrons, are reduced to metal atoms, and are deposited on the surface of the workpiece. Taking copper electroplating as an example, the cathode (PCB board) reaction is: Cu\u00b2\u207a + 2e\u207b \u2192 Cu\u2193 (Copper ions in the plating solution gain electrons and are deposited on the surface and hole walls of the PCB in the form of metallic copper).<\/div><h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">2. Ion Migration (Directional Movement Driven by Electric Field)<\/h4><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">During the electroplating process, the electrolyte (such as the copper - plating solution containing CuSO\u2084 and H\u2082SO\u2084) is the medium for ion conduction. When a DC voltage is applied by the external power source, the ions in the electrolyte will move directionally under the action of the electric field force: Positively charged metal ions (such as Cu\u00b2\u207a) move towards the cathode (PCB board), providing \"raw materials\" for the cathodic reduction reaction; Negatively charged anions (such as SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b, OH\u207b) move towards the anode (phosphorus - copper ball) to maintain the electrical neutrality of the electrolyte and ensure the continuous conduction of the current.<\/div><h4 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">3. Coating Growth (Atomic Accumulation)<\/h4><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">Metal atoms (such as Cu) on the cathode surface accumulate according to the law of \"nucleation \u2192 grain growth\". In the initial stage, metal atoms form tiny nuclei on the surface of the PCB (especially on the electroless copper layer on the hole walls, which is already conductive). As the reaction continues, the nuclei continuously adsorb new metal atoms and gradually grow into a continuous and dense metal coating. The thickness of the coating is precisely controlled by parameters such as the energization time and current density (usually, the thickness of PCB copper electroplating needs to reach 15 - 30\u03bcm to meet the requirements of conductivity and reliability).<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">II. Four Key Elements for Achieving Electroplating<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">The stable operation of the electroplating line depends on the coordination of 4 core elements. Any abnormality in these elements will directly affect the quality of the coating (such as uneven thickness, pinholes, poor adhesion, etc.):<\/div><p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"true\"><div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\"><table><thead><tr><th>Element Category<\/th><th>Specific Requirements<\/th><th>Function Explanation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electrolyte (Plating Solution)<\/td><td>1. Contains metal ions to be deposited (such as Cu\u00b2\u207a);<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Contains conductive salts (such as H\u2082SO\u2084 to improve conductivity);<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>3. Contains additives (such as brighteners, leveling agents)<\/td><td>1. Provides \"raw materials\" (metal ions) for the coating;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Ensures stable current conduction;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>3. Improves the appearance (brightness) and performance (dense, flat) of the coating<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electrode System<\/td><td>1. Anode: The material is the same as the coating metal (such as phosphorus - copper) with a qualified purity;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Cathode: The workpiece (PCB) has a clean surface and good conductivity (needs electroless copper plating first)<\/td><td>1. The anode dissolves stably to replenish metal ions in the plating solution;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. The cathode ensures the efficient reduction and deposition of metal ions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC Power Supply<\/td><td>1. Outputs stable DC power (voltage\/current adjustable);<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Supports precise control of \"current density\" (such as 1 - 3 A\/dm\u00b2)<\/td><td>Provides the electrical energy required for the electrolytic reaction and controls the reaction rate (the higher the current density, the faster the coating growth)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Process Environment<\/td><td>1. Temperature control (e.g., copper electroplating requires 20 - 25\u2103);<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Stirring system (air stirring\/mechanical stirring);<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>3. Filtration system (removes impurities in the plating solution)<\/td><td>1. Stable temperature ensures a consistent reaction rate;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>2. Stirring makes the composition of the plating solution uniform and avoids local low - ion concentration;<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>3. Filtration prevents impurities from adhering to the coating surface, causing pinholes or defects<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">III. Typical Application: Special Adaptation of PCB Electroplating Lines<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">In PCB manufacturing, the principle of the electroplating line needs to be specially optimized for the requirement of \"inter - layer hole - wall conduction\":<br class=\"container-utlnW2 wrapper-d0Cc1k undefined\" \/>The base material of the PCB board (epoxy resin + glass fiber) is non - conductive. Therefore, before electroplating, a thin layer of copper (1 - 3\u03bcm) needs to be formed on the hole walls through \"electroless copper plating\" to make the hole walls conductive (as part of the cathode). During electroplating, the current needs to act on both the surface copper foil of the PCB and the electroless copper layer on the hole walls to ensure that the thickness of the hole - wall coating is the same as that of the surface coating (to avoid conduction failure due to too thin hole - wall coating). This can be achieved through \"shaped anodes\", \"auxiliary cathodes\", or precise current - density control.<\/div><h3 class=\"header-vfC6AV auto-hide-last-sibling-br\">IV. Core Differences from \"Electroless Copper Plating\"<\/h3><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br paragraph-JOTKXA paragraph-element br-paragraph-space\">It should be noted that the electroplating line (electrolytic deposition) and the pre - process \"electroless copper plating\" (autocatalytic deposition) in PCB have different principles, and the two are often confused. The core differences are as follows:<\/div><p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><div class=\"auto-hide-last-sibling-br mdbox-table-root table-container-GhL7Lo\" data-scroll-inline-overflow=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-at-start=\"true\" data-scroll-inline-start-overflow=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-at-end=\"false\" data-scroll-inline-end-overflow=\"true\"><div class=\"table-scroll-container-hgHkfW mdbox-table-scroll-container\"><table><thead><tr><th>Comparison Dimension<\/th><th>Electroplating Line (Electrolytic Deposition)<\/th><th>Electroless Copper Plating (Autocatalytic Deposition)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Energy Source<\/td><td>External DC power source<\/td><td>Energy released by the chemical reaction itself (autocatalytic)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reaction Conditions<\/td><td>Requires a conductive workpiece (depends on an external electric field)<\/td><td>Requires a catalyst (such as palladium nuclei), and the workpiece can be non - conductive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coating Thickness<\/td><td>Thick (15 - 30\u03bcm, precisely controllable)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1541f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_image_or_svg\" data-id=\"e1541f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_image_or_svg.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-image text-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1268\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Equipment for PCB electroless copper plating\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line.jpg 1268w, https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PCB-electroplating-line-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1268px) 100vw, 1268px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home\u9875\u9762 PCB electroplating line The PCB electroplating line (taking the core &#8211; applied copper electroplating line as an example) is<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":33,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-456","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=456"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":885,"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/456\/revisions\/885"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulpcb.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}